Sexual harassment has always been a widespread issue. Many sexual harassment victims do not step forward because of a fear of being judged or blamed for the harassment, retaliation for reporting the harassment, or having inadequate access to legal support or counseling. Sexual harassment victims can experience severe and long-lasting impacts on their mental health and well-being.
This article will discuss sexual harassment and the psychological toll it takes on victims.
What Sexual Harassment Looks Like
Sexual harassment can take many forms and can occur in personal and professional settings. Understanding the various types of sexual harassment is essential to recognizing and addressing the behavior. Here are some common forms:
- Verbal harassment involves inappropriate or unwelcome comments, jokes, or statements of a sexual nature. Some examples include making sexually suggestive or sexist remarks or jokes, commenting on someone’s physical appearance in an inappropriate way, and asking invasive questions about someone’s personal or sexual life.
- Non-verbal harassment involves non-verbal actions or gestures that create an uncomfortable or hostile environment. Some instances of non-verbal harassment include staring or leering in a way that feels invasive, making sexually suggestive gestures or facial expressions, and sharing sexist or sexually explicit images, videos, or messages without consent, also known as cyber harassment when done digitally.
- Physical harassment includes any unwanted physical contact or advances such as touching, hugging, or patting someone without their consent, blocking someone’s path or cornering them in a confined space, and physically assaulting someone, including groping or other forms of sexual violence.
- Quid pro quo harassment occurs when someone in a position of authority offers rewards or threatens consequences in exchange for sexual favors. Examples include promising promotions, raises, or better grades in exchange for sexual acts or threatening to fire, demote, or fail someone if they refuse advances.
- A hostile work environment arises when unwelcome sexual (or sexist) behavior creates an intimidating, offensive, or oppressive atmosphere. This can include persistent harassment despite requests for it to stop, displaying sexually explicit (or sexist) materials in shared spaces, and gossip or spreading rumors about someone’s sexuality or sexual activity.
- Retaliation occurs when someone punishes a victim for rejecting advances or reporting harassment. Examples include excluding the victim from meetings or work opportunities, demoting or firing the victim after they report harassment, or spreading rumors to damage the victim’s reputation.
The Impact of Sexual Harassment on Victims
Sexual harassment victims can experience a wide range of mental and physical effects stemming from the harassment. Beyond the obvious violations of personal boundaries and safety, sexual harassment often inflicts significant harm on victims’ mental health and overall well-being.
Research shows that sexual harassment victims are more likely to develop mental health issues like anxiety, depression, and even eating disorders that can persist throughout their lives.
The Emotional Effects of Sexual Harassment
Victims of sexual harassment frequently experience a wide range of emotions, including anger, shame, fear, and helplessness. These feelings are often compounded by self-blame or guilt, as societal stigmas may lead victims to question if they somehow invited the harassment.
This emotional distress can lead to more severe mental health challenges, such as:
- Anxiety and Panic Disorders — Victims may become hyper-vigilant, constantly on edge, or afraid of encountering their harasser. This heightened state of anxiety can lead to panic attacks or avoidance behaviors, such as withdrawing from work or social settings.
- Depression — Feelings of worthlessness, despair, and sadness are common among victims, particularly when they face disbelief, retaliation, or isolation after reporting the harassment.
- Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) — In severe cases, sexual harassment can trigger PTSD symptoms, including flashbacks, nightmares, and intrusive thoughts. Victims may struggle to process the trauma, which can disrupt their daily lives and relationships.
The Impact of Sexual Harassment on Physical Health
The mental health challenges caused by sexual harassment often manifest physically. Chronic stress from the experience can lead to (among other impacts):
- Headaches and migraines
- Hair loss
- Chest pains
- Racing heart/heart palpitations
- Gastrointestinal issues
- Fatigue and sleep disturbances, including insomnia or nightmares
- Weakened immune systems, making victims more susceptible to illness
- Weight fluctuations
Effects on Workplace and Academic Performance
For those harassed in professional or academic environments, the consequences often extend to their ability to function effectively. Victims may struggle with:
- Decreased Productivity — Difficulty concentrating and focusing on tasks due to stress and anxiety.
- Career Setbacks — Avoidance of certain environments or roles, leaving jobs, or even exiting industries altogether.
- Academic Challenges — Lower grades, absenteeism, or dropping out of school due to the emotional toll.
Social Isolation and Relationship Struggles
Victims of sexual harassment often feel isolated, either because they fear no one will believe them or because they now find it difficult to trust others. This can strain personal relationships, as victims may withdraw from family and friends or have difficulty forming new connections. For those in intimate relationships, the trauma can affect their ability to feel safe and secure, potentially leading to conflicts or breakdowns in communication.
Healing and Recovery After Sexual Harassment
Healing from a trauma like sexual harassment is a very personal journey. However, there are things that victims can do to regain a sense of control and well-being.
- Therapy — Trauma-focused therapy, in particular, can help victims process their experiences and help them develop coping mechanisms.
- Support Network — Connecting with family and friends or joining a support group can help reduce feelings of isolation.
- Know Your Rights — Understanding your legal protections and resources can empower victims to take action.
- Self-Care — Taking part in activities that promote physical and mental health (like regular exercise) can be a vital part of the healing process.
Seeking Legal Action After Sexual Harassment
If you’ve experienced sexual harassment, seeking legal advice is an essential first step towards justice and accountability. Aside from providing closure and justice personally, holding offenders accountable can help save others from suffering in a similar way.
You don’t have to face this alone. You can get the assistance and expertise required to handle these challenging situations and take action by speaking with an experienced sexual harassment attorney.
Lori Peterson helps those harmed by sexual harassment, discrimination, and retaliation every step of the way. Lori aggressively represents and addresses your situation to develop creative, strategic solutions. She has a long track record of effectively representing those victimized by sexual harassment, racism, homophobia, and other types of discrimination.
Contact us today to start the journey towards healing and accountability.